Clinical information
Patients with autoimmune encephalopathies exhibit autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens. The antibodies are directed against glutamate receptors (type NMDA or type AMPA), GABAB receptors, DPPX, voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKC) or VGKC-associated proteins (LGI1, CASPR2, TAG-1 / contactin-2). Since these antigens play a direct or indirect role in synaptic signal transduction, the associated autoimmunities manifest with seizures and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The resulting conditions include special forms of autoimmune limbic encephalitis, neuromyotonia or Morvan’s syndrome. These severe, potentially lethal syndromes can have a non-paraneoplastic or paraneoplastic aetiology. The frequency of underlying tumours ranges from 10 to 70 %, depending on the type of antibody. The antibodies most likely play a causal role in the pathogenesis. Since appropriate therapy (immunomodulatory intervention, tumour resection) results in considerable regression of symptoms in most patients, early diagnosis is important for a favourable prognosis.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitides is generally based on a combination of the characteristic clinical picture, supporting findings from brain MRT, EEG and CSF analysis if necessary, and antibody determination in serum/CSF. Monospecific recombinant assays are the method of choice for serological diagnostics and can be combined with conventional immunohistochemical detection procedures. The following conditions must be excluded by differential diagnostics: infectious encephalitides (especially HSV), other autoimmune aetiologies (e. g. limbic encephalitis with autoantibodies against Hu, Ma2, CV2, amphiphysin) and clinically similar diseases of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. A diagnostic discrimination from atypical encephalitides should also be taken into account. It should be considered that overlap syndromes and combinations of different syndromes can also occur. When a positive serological result is obtained, a comprehensive tumour investigation should be undertaken.
| Technology | Parameter | Substrate | Species | Calibration | Ig Class | Format | Order No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IIFT | antibodies against glutamate receptor (type NMDA) | IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 112d-0502 | |||
| IIFT | antibodies against GABA B receptor | IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 112l-0502 | |||
| IIFT |
antibodies against dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX ab control) |
IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 112m-0502 | |||
| IIFT |
RC-IIFT Neurology Mosaic 14A glutamate receptor (type NMDA) contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) GABA B receptor |
6 BIOCHIPs per field: transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells |
EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 112d-1005-14 | |
| IIFT | glutamate receptor (type NMDA) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG IgG |
10 x 05 10 x 10 10 x 05 10 x 10 |
FA 112d-1005-51 FA 112d-1010-51 FB 112d-1005-51 FB 112d-1010-51 |
|
| IIFT |
Autoimmune Encephalitis Mosaic 6 glutamate receptor (type NMDA) contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) glutamate receptors (type AMPA1/2) leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) GABA B receptor |
6 BIOCHIPs per field: transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells |
EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG IgG |
10 x 05 10 x 10 10 x 05 |
FA 112d-1005-6 FA 112d-1010-6 FB 112d-1005-6 |
|
| IIFT | Glutamate Receptor (Type AMPA1/2) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 112k-1005-53 | |
| IIFT | GABA B receptor |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 10 x 05 |
FA 112l-1005-50 FB 112l-1005-50 |
|
| IIFT |
dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 112m-1005-50 | |
| IIFT | glutamate receptor (type NMDA) EUROPattern |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG PI IgG PI IgG PI IgG PI IgG PI |
10 x 05 10 x 10 120 x 10 20 x 05 20 x 10 |
FC 112d-1005-51 FC 112d-1010-51 FC 112d-12010-51 FC 112d-2005-51 FC 112d-2010-51 |
|
| IIFT |
Autoimmune Encephalitis Mosaic 6 EUROPattern glutamate receptor (type NMDA) contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) glutamate receptors (type AMPA1/2) leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) GABA B receptor |
6 BIOCHIPs per field: transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells transfected cells |
EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG PI IgG PI IgG PI IgG PI |
10 x 05 10 x 10 20 x 05 20 x 10 |
FC 112d-1005-6 FC 112d-1010-6 FC 112d-2005-6 FC 112d-2010-6 |
|
| IIFT |
dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) EUROPattern |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG PI |
20 x 05 |
FC 112m-2005-50 | |
| IIFT |
antibodies against IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) |
IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 1151-0502 | |||
| IIFT |
antibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1 ab control) |
IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 1439-0502-1 | |||
| IIFT |
antibodies against contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2 ab control) |
IgG |
05 x 02 |
CA 1439-0502-2 | |||
| IIFT | IgLON family member 5 (IgLON5) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 1151-1005-50 | |
| IIFT |
Anti-VGKC-Ass. Proteins Mosaic 1 leucine-rich glioma-inact. prot. 1 (LGI1) contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) |
3 BIOCHIPs per field: transfected cells transfected cells control transfection |
EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 10 x 05 |
FA 1439-1005-1 FB 1439-1005-1 |
|
| IIFT | contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 1439-1005-50 | |
| IIFT | leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) |
transfected cells control transfection (2 BIOCHIPs per field) |
EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG |
10 x 05 |
FA 1439-1005-51 | |
| IIFT |
Anti-VGKC-Ass. Proteins Mosaic 1 EUROPattern leucine-rich glioma-inact. prot. 1 (LGI1) contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2) |
3 BIOCHIPs per field: transfected cells transfected cells control transfection |
EU 90 EU 90 EU 90 |
IgG PI IgG PI |
10 x 05 120 x 10 |
FC 1439-1005-1 FC 1439-12010-1 |
|
|
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